2012-12-04

民進黨與亞洲自由聯盟共同發表決議文質疑中國新版護照

對於中國新版護照納入台灣景點及南海爭議性區域地圖，民主進步黨除了強烈抗議中國嚴重侵害我國主權以及馬政府的消極失職，並積極尋求國際管道表達嚴正立場。近日來經與亞洲自由民主聯盟(CALD)會員友黨討論此議題，一致通過決議文，共同在國際社會發聲，亞洲自由民主聯盟(CALD)決議文中文譯稿如下：
 
亞洲自由民主聯盟(Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats, CALD)決議文表達關切中國將具爭議性或其他國家領土的地圖印在其新的電子護照，可能對其他亞洲國家造成挑釁，呼籲所有相關國家尊重對方的領土和海洋管轄權，以國際法所規範的和平、建設性的精神及友好方式解決爭端。
 
我們注意到中國近來發布一本電子護照，內含中國聲稱其在南海擁有主權管轄權之領土劃分的新地圖圖像
 
我們認知到在地圖上所劃分的領土，若不是其他東亞、東南亞和南亞國家的領土和海洋管轄權，就是在國際法之下領土主張備受競爭的地區。
 
同時也關切這可能被其他聲索國視為挑釁行為，因為這可被視為強迫其他聲索國在這本護照上蓋章時認知中國在南海的主權之戰略。
我們須留意的是，被列入的地圖可能被視為違反2002年中國與東南亞國協10個會員國所簽署的「南海各方行為宣言」。
也注意到歷時10年的「南海各方行為宣言」第5段闡明，各方承諾「保持自我克制，不採取使爭議複雜化、擴大化和影響和平與穩定的行動，包括不在現無人居住的島、礁、灘、沙或其他自然構造上採取居住的行動，並以建設性的方式處理它們的分歧」。
我們認知到列入地圖的做法與中國所發布的聲明有所矛盾，其表明中國準備「與東南亞國協國家共同努力，落實『南海各方行為宣言』，維護地區的和平、穩定、合作及發展」。同樣的，將兩個台灣旅遊景點列入地圖也違背了中國聲明將改善兩岸關係的立場。
呼籲東南亞國協、中國和其他聲索國加速通過「南海各方行為準則」且落實。
我們也敦促所有相關國家應符合國際法，特別是聯合國海洋法公約之規範，尊重對方的領土主權、專屬經濟區和海洋領域，克制可能造成新的緊張局勢或衝突來源的行動。
 
亞洲自由民主聯盟(Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats, CALD)創立於1993年，由台灣、泰國、南韓、柬埔寨、馬來西亞、菲律賓等6個亞洲國家的民主政黨，為實現「為促進亞洲自由、民主理念之發展」之理念共同成立。CALD十多年來致力於促進亞洲民主、人權之發展。CALD成員現今遍及東北亞、東南亞、南亞等主要國家，為亞洲唯一一個自由政黨所組成之國際聯盟，包括正式會員、觀察員、個人會員及榮譽會員翁山蘇姬女士，來自台灣、蒙古、菲律賓、柬埔寨、緬甸、馬來西亞、印尼、巴基斯坦、斯里蘭卡、新加坡、香港、日本，共16個會員。
 
亞洲自由民主聯盟決議文(CALD)原文如下：
 
CALD Resolution No. 4 S. 2012
 
CALD resolution expressing concern on China’s inclusion of disputed or national territories in the map imprinted on its new electronic passport; recognizing that the act may be construed as provocative by other Asian countries; and calling on all concerned countries to respect each other’s territory and maritime jurisdiction, as defined by international law, in the spirit of peaceful, constructive and amicable settlement of disputes.
 
Aware that China recently released an electronic passport with an image of a new map demarcating territories in the South China Sea which it claims as under its sovereign jurisdiction;
 
Recognizing that the demarcation in the map includes territories which are either integral parts of other East, Southeast, and South Asian states’ territorial and maritime jurisdiction, or subject to competing territorial claims under international law;
 
Concerned that the act may be construed as provocative by other claimant countries, as it may be considered as a strategy to force them, when they stamp the passport, to implicitly acknowledge Chinese sovereignty over all territories in the South China Sea;
 
Mindful that the inclusion of the map may be considered as a violation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) that China and the 10-member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed in 2002;
 
Noting that paragraph five of the ten-year-old DOC states that parties should “exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would complicate or escalate disputes and affect peace and stability, including, among others, refraining from action of inhabiting on the presently uninhabited islands, reefs, shoals, cays, and other features and to handle their differences in a constructive manner”;
 
Cognizant that the inclusion of the map may also be interpreted as contradictory to the statement of China indicating its readiness “to make joint efforts with ASEAN countries to implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, and safeguard regional peace, stability, cooperation and development”; in the same vein, the map’s inclusion of two Taiwanese tourist sites also appears to go against China’s declaration of softening its stance on cross-strait relations;
 
Calling on ASEAN, China, and other claimant parties to hasten the adoption of the Code of Conduct (COC) in the South China Sea, and to be fully committed to its implementation once adopted;
 
Urging all concerned countries to respect each other’s territorial sovereignty, exclusive economic zone and maritime domain, in conformity and in accordance with international law, specifically the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS), and to refrain from actions which may become source of renewed tensions or conflicts;
 
The Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats hereby expresses concern on China’s inclusion of disputed or national territories in the map imprinted on its new electronic passport; recognizes that the act may be construed as provocative by other Asian countries; and urging all concerned countries to respect each other’s territory and maritime jurisdiction, as defined by international law, in the spirit of peaceful, constructive and amicable settlement of disputes.
 
For the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats:
 
Sam Rainsy, MP J.R. Nereus Acosta, PhD
Chairperson Secretary General
 
28 November 2012
Manila, Philippines
 
亞洲自由聯盟(CALD)決議文網址：
http://www.cald.org/site/resource.php?i=Resolutions